Diabetes is a chronic disease, impact of genetic factors, as a result of a deficiency of insulin (a hormone by the pancreas known as secreted from sugarcane). The disease is characterized by a rise in blood sugar and other metabolic disorders.
Causes
Currently there is no exact known cause cause diabetes. However, it noted with genetic factors or family (ie family when someone has diabetes, the rest is in danger of suffering from diabetes than). Social factors also contribute to diabetes, such as obesity, diet, lifestyle, less physical activity ... these are factors that we can improve.
Who is diabetes?
- The obesity
- Yes father, mother, brothers and sisters in the diabetic
- Of the nation at risk: Blacks, Indians, Asian
- Women baby weighing 4kg or have been diagnosed with diabetes during pregnancy
- High blood pressure
- Disorders of blood fats (HDL ≤ 35mg / dl and triglycerides ≥ 250mg or / dl)
- Has been diagnosed disorders or disorders glucose tolerance fasting blood glucose (blood sugar level less than the level called diabetes but were higher than normal).
Symptom
- Diabetes Type 1: common in thin people, young, with the expression profile more, drink more, eat more and more thin.
- Diabetes type 2: common in obese people, also have symptoms of excessive urination, drinking more, blurred vision, tingling in the fingers and feet ... However, in the majority of cases symptoms often insidious disease often detected late, incidentally.
Complications of diabetes
- Cardiovascular: hypertension, atherosclerosis, stroke, myocardial infarction
- Kidney: protein in urine, kidney failure
- Eyes: cataracts, blindness
- Nervous: paresthesia, numbness limbs
- Infections: skin, urinary tract, tuberculosis, foot infection ...
- Dead.
How to detect diabetes early?
There should be understanding about diabetes. Seek medical care and blood glucose testing for those over 45 years old. If results are normal, you should check every 3 years.
The following subjects should test blood glucose at the age of 30 and 1 times per year:
- In families with diabetic relatives (parents, siblings)
- Obesity
- Less physical activity
- Has been diagnosed with a fasting blood glucose disorder or intolerance road
- High blood pressure
- Disorders of blood fat.
Obese children aged 10 years or more, or at the start of puberty should check blood sugar every 2 years 1 time if accompanied by one of the following elements:
- In families with diabetic relatives (parents, siblings)
- Sam neck, the skin folds
- Increasing pressure huyep
- Disorders of blood fat.
Treatment of diabetes like?
For effective treatment of diabetes requires the contribution of many specialists:
- Doctors of internal medicine, endocrinology
- Experts in nutrition
- Nursing: Care in hospitals and care guide home
- Other medical staff: doctors physiotherapy, foot specialist, pharmacist, social insurance ...
- The close cooperation of the patient and the support of loved ones, family, friends.
Treatment of diabetes should have:
- Reasonable diet
- Train your body
- Patient training program
- Drugs that lower blood glucose when needed (medicines, insulin).
The role of diet in diabetes
Reasonable diet is the foundation of diabetes treatment plan. Reasonable diet to help patients stabilize blood sugar levels, reduce the dose to use, prevent or slow the appearance of complications, prolong the life of patients.
Reasonable diet also helps patients to feel comfortable and confident in life, few have felt isolated in social life.
Currently, nutritionists recommend that the diet of people with diabetes should closely resembles ordinary people:
1) The amount of carbohydrates (rice, corn, potatoes ...) close to the normal level (50-60%)
2) Allow people with diabetes using simple lines in the limited (sugar to taste food, to the drinks ...)
3) Reduce the amount of fat (to eat the oil, fish fat): 20-30%
4) Increased fiber (found in vegetables, fruits).
People with diabetes should have a diet almost normally, eat regularly, do not skip meals, divided into several small meals throughout the day (4-6 meals). This is an important factor to help treat diabetes successfully.
It should be noted that no general menu for all patients with diabetes because diabetics have each Tastes differ, physical activity levels vary, different levels of blood glucose, or usage different drugs.
Preventing diabetes
Prevention of overweight, obesity
- Based on the BMI (body mass index)
BMI = CN: CC2 (which weight in kilograms, height in meters)
This index should keep within 18.5 to 23
- Waist: 90cm male, female <80cm
- Percentage of body fat: male <25%
Women <30%.
Increasing physical activity:
- Sports more than 30 minutes in most days
- Exercise of about 1h / day in most days
- Active in all activities and steps between 5,000-10,000 feet / day.
Reasonable nutrition:
- Eat a variety: eat 20 foods each day by eating a mixed cuisine, with many dishes in a meal, and dishes change daily, between the day, seasonal ... should be limited foods that provide empty energy as sugar, soft drinks, candy ...
- Eat in moderation: not eaten too full or too hungry, do not eat anything too much.
- Eat whole, close to nature so little loss of nutritional ingredients in food.
Summary:
- Diabetes is a chronic medical condition, if not detected and treated early can lead to dangerous complications in heart, kidney, eye, brain ...
- Diet and physical activity are the cornerstone of treatment.
- The disease can be prevented by reasonable diet, increase physical activity and keeping a healthy weight and avoid weight gain.
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